Journal: Scientific Reports
Article Title: Maternal Bacillus probiotic regulates offspring growth and immunity via spleen IGF-1/mTOR and FOXO1/IL-10 pathways
doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-38412-y
Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–D ) Immunohistochemical staining of the IGF-1 and FOXO1 markers in spleen sections from male offspring of S. albino mice following probiotic supplementation. ( A ) The GD0 and GD8 groups exhibited increased IGF-1 expression (brown color) in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), germinal centers, marginal zones, and stromal cells of the red pulp compared to the control. ( B ) The FOXO1 marker exhibited strong nuclear staining (brown colour) in the control group, whereas all Bacillus-treated groups (GD0, GD8 and GD16) showed a faint nuclear FOXO1 expression. IHC splenic tissues were examined under light microscopy at × 200 magnification; scale bar = 100 µm. ( C and D ) graphs: The integrated density percentage analysis of immunostaining for IG-1 and FOXO 1, respectively; according to the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Data are presented as mean ± SE; groups sharing different superscript letters differ significantly at p < 0.05. Abbs : IGF-1 , Insulin-like Growth Factor-1; GD0 , gestation day 0; GD8 , gestation day 8; GD16 , gestation day 16.
Article Snippet: According to Baxter and Martin mechanism of analysis, serum IGF-1 (6 samples/group) levels were analyzed following the protocol of the manufacturer-specific mouse IGF-1 ELISA kit (Catalog No. CSB-E04581m, Detection range: 0.156–10 ng/mL and sensitivity: less than 0.151 ng/mL, CUSABIO Company, USA).
Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Control, Marker, Light Microscopy, Immunostaining
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